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DBMS APPLICATION In today's competitive world, application of DBMS is not just limited to a a bank, but it pays a vital role in stock exchange, Railway and airline ticket Reservation, schools & the list goes on and on. Not only at this level, database and database management system is required at all levels and areas of an organization.  Also DBMS is required, if you want to - * build computerized business  applications. * create business applications that operate on multiple locations * conduct business on the internet * Enable customers to place orders using the web. application of DBMS in an organization :  * marketing professional to analyze sales data. * Human Resource managers to evaluate employees. * operation manager to track and improve quality. * Accountant ti integrate data across  the enterprise. * Financial analyst to analyze firm's performance. some specific applications of DBMS are as follows :  *banking : For customer ...

               DATA INDEPENDENCE Any software has mainly two parts, first is the database and second is the application or program which accesses and uses the database. First the database is designed and then the application program are written for it, which heavily depends on database design. sometimes, after the application program has been written there is need to change the storage structure or database design. data independence is all about, the ability to modify a schema definition (i.e. storage structure) in one level without affecting a schema definition in the next higher level.  There are two levels of data independence. 1. physical data independence : physical data independence is the ability to modify the physical schema without causing application programs to be written. 2.logical data independence : logical data independence is the ability to modify logical schema without causing application programs to be rewritten. ...

             DATABASE ABSTRACTION   as we know that a collection of interrelated files and a set of programs that allow users to access  and modify these files is known as a database management system. a major purpose of a database system is to provide the users only that much information that is required by them. this means that the system does not disclose all the details of data, rather it hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained. A good database system ensures easy, smooth and efficient data structures in such a way so that every type of database users; end user, application system analyst , is able to access its desired information efficiently. (An end user is a person who is not a computer trained person but uses the database to retrieve some information.) for example, in a bank database,a customer, who wants to know how balance remains in his account, is an end user. An application system analyst is the on...

                              DATABASE  LANGUAGES (1) DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL) --    the language used to define database is known as data definition language (DDL). The command used for defining database are known as DDL command. DDL includes all commands used for altering tables, dropping tables and defining constrains.   (2) DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML) -- the language that enable users to access or manipulate data is known as data manipulation language. The commands used for accessing and manipulating data are known as DML commands. DML includes commands for insertion, deletion, and updation besides retrieval.                                                      DMLs basically two types : * procedural DMLs : it requires user to...